L has been national police, since twenty years a succession of reforms that tend to change its perception and its role in society. The entire institution is affected by these changes that address both its organization and its tasks, the status of its personnel, recruitment, and training. The authorities are thus trying to influence the police action to bring it to a social demand for protection constantly increasing.
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The National Police, civil status, and has 144 600 staff under the Ministry of Interior. The police only cover 5% of the country but these urban areas concentrate 51% of the national population and 73% of delinquency.
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The development of the training and the creation of a genuine policy of continuous training demonstrate the institution's commitment to reform but recognition remains fragile, their institutional roots and development are not yet completed. Training in the police also faces specific constraints to this body which reflects the contradictions [2] [2] The officer generic term actually covers ... . There is, moreover, an inherent tension between this profession respect for the discipline and the recent promotion of initiative and responsibility. Finally, highlight and use training as exclusive General adaptation police vector carry the risk of blurring his message and weaken achievements.
EMERGING ISSUES TRAINING IN NATIONAL POLICE
New social and political demands
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Police sociology distinguishes three main functions in the institution: direct protection attributes of state sovereignty (guard the country and law enforcement deal with demonstrations and crowd movements) Punishment of Crimes the most serious (criminal police) and Community safety (security police). While the sovereignty and criminal police Police have an undeniable recognition, public security police are facing the rapid increase in crime and been challenged fundamentally.
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Meanwhile, new internal security imperatives emerge. Delinquency, as measured annually by the central statistics of the Central Directorate of Judicial Police (DCPJ) [3] [3] aspects of crime and delinquency observed ... rises in 2001 4.06 million crimes and offenses (an increase of 22% since 1990 to a current crime rate of 69 ‰ of the population). Beyond these quantitative measures, further investigations of "victimization" show the development of a wide "gray area" of risk behaviors that feed the sense of insecurity. The development of "incivilities", so described because they do not justify, unlike the offenses, the opening of criminal proceedings, is, therefore, a major phenomenon in the progression of damage to the security of property and people.
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This translates into a social demand increasingly strong in the protection of citizens. The so-called theory of "broken glass" and the policy of "zero tolerance", often amalgamated, have attracted public attention and met with great popularity. The theory of "broken window" by James Wilson and George Kelling in their book Broken Windows [4] [4] "Broken Windows. The Police and Safety Neighborhood "... stresses the importance of the involvement of people, including police officers, in their neighborhood, to avoid the disqualification of it, source of degradation and vector sense 'insecurity. This approach emphasizes the importance of social ties and advocates for community policing and better neighborhood protection against incivilities. However, this theory does not advocate the strengthening of the criminal justice response, in contrast to the policy of "zero tolerance", experienced for the first time in New York in early 1990 and strives to leave no unpunished offense [5] [5] Roché (Sebastian) zero tolerance?, Paris, O. Jacob, ... .
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We must also mention the gradual establishment of cooperation structures and new European projects. The countries of the European Union decided to address the shortcomings of Interpol through police cooperation phased in since 1976, date of formation of the working groups "Trevi" devoted to the fight against terrorism and organizational problems and training of police. This process continued to result in the creation of Europol [6] [6] Council Act of the European Union July 26 ... . The other major instrument of European cooperation is the Convention implementing Schengen agreement [7] [7] Signed June 19, 1990, and entered into force on 26 March ... she created the Schengen information system (SIS) that allows police to dispose of Reported wanted persons, missing or banned holiday. It also organizes police cooperation in assistance, exchange of information or observation and prosecution rights. Finally, the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) now includes a civil crisis management component involving police [8] [8] Successive European Council decisions have expected ... .
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To improve the surveillance of external borders [9] [9] In May 2002, Italy submitted a report proposing ... it goes without saying that all new forms of European and international commitment the France require, as already required the cooperation related to Schengen or Europol, appropriate training of relevant personnel, more and more within the various employment directions. The priority areas are the languages (mainly English, preponderant in the police cooperation authorities), knowledge of foreign judicial systems and police and the use of common tools, IT in particular.
Beyond traditional oppositions to change police practices
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